History

2017-18 General Catalog

201 Humanities
(831) 459-2982
http://history.ucsc.edu/

Faculty | Program Statement

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Lower-Division Courses

2A. The World to 1500. S
Surveys the rise of complex societies: the formation of classical civilizations in Afroeurasia and the Americas, post-classical empires and cross-cultural exchange, technology and environmental change, the Mongol Empire, and oceanic voyages and the origins of the modern world. (General Education Code(s): CC.) B. Breen

2B. The World Since 1500. F
Examines major world issues over the past 500 years. Topics include European expansion and colonialism, the Muslim empires, East Asia from Ming to Qing, the Americas, Africa, the scientific-technological revolution, decolonization, and modern environmental problems. Designed primarily for first- and second-year students, it provides a time frame for understanding events within a global framework. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Matera

7. Archives and Public History. *
Through readings on local history topics and bi-weekly field expeditions, students discover different types of archives and historical repositories, the diversity of sources that they contain, and the varied uses to which they can be put. Course also explores the range of career opportunities open to history majors (sometimes loosely grouped together under the rubric "public history"). Students are billed a materials fee. Enrollment limited to 35. The Staff

9. Introduction to Native American History. S
Introduction to the interdisciplinary field of Native American Studies and the Indigenous experience. Topics include: history of United States-Indian relations; colonialism; sovereignty; identity; representation of Native Americans in popular culture; and contemporary efforts toward decolonization in indigenous communities. (Formerly Introduction to Native American Studies.) (General Education Code(s): ER.) A. Lonetree

10A. United States History to 1877. F
Focuses on the building of British American colonies and the establishment, disintegration, and reconstruction of the nation with an emphasis on how class, race, ethnicity, and gender impacted colonial development and structured the nation's agenda and the definition of citizenship. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) C. Jones

10B. United States History, 1877 to 1977. W
Surveys the political, social, and cultural history of the United States from 1877 to 1977. Focuses on national politics with emphasis on how class, race, ethnicity, and gender changed the nation's agenda. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) M. Lasar

11A. Latin America: Colonial Period. W
Introduces the social, cultural, economic, and political history of the New World through a close examination of the process of European "conquest" in the 16th century and its consequences for both native and settler peoples. Medieval and Renaissance European and African backgrounds; Inca, Maya, Aztec, plains, woodland, and tropical rainforest native American societies; processes of military and cultural conquest; epidemics and ecological changes; native resistance and the establishment of the fundamental institutions of colonial society. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Diaz

11B. Latin America: National Period. S
An introduction to the study of Latin American history from the Independence Wars in the early 19th century to the present. Topics include changing economic models of development, U.S. role, rural and urban life, women, nationalisms, populism, revolution, the military in politics, and the problem of democracy. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. O'Hara

12. Introduction to Latino American History. F
Introduces students to the history of U.S. Latinos drawing on the experience of Central Americans, people of Mexican descent, Puerto Ricans, Dominican Americans, and Cuban Americans. Emphasizes international processes that fundamentally shape U.S. Latino communities. (General Education Code(s): ER.) G. Delgado

13. Introduction to American Religious Culture. *
Introduction to the many communities found within the American religious landscape, balancing extraordinary diversity characterizing American pluralism against the dominant religious culture. Proceeds historically, engaging major problems and developments including utopianism, the rise of evangelicalism, religion and reform, manifest destiny, secularization and modernity, and the intersection of politics and religion. (General Education Code(s): TA.) M. Westerkamp

14. Race and Ethnicity in the U.S. *
An introductory course on the racial/ethnic history of the U.S. Of central concern are issues of race, ethnicity, oppression, resistance, mass migrations, city life in urban America, and power and protest in modern America. Priority enrollment to freshmen and sophomores. (General Education Code(s): ER.) The Staff

15. The United States of America from its Founding through Our Time. F
Takes students through five critical "moments" in United States history: the American Revolution, the Civil War, the New Deal, the Civil Rights era, and the years following the attack on the United States on Sept. 11, 2001. Designed for non-majors. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) M. Lasar

20. U.S. Popular Music Movements. *
Focuses on the development of popular music genres in the United States and the social contexts that have produced them, from the 19th Century to the present. Promotes an understanding of how music influences and reflects our political lives. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Porter

30. The Making of Modern Africa. W
Examines the loss and reassumption of local and state autonomy in Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries. Delineates the modalities of the colonial state and society, modes of resistance to alien occupation, and the deformation of social, class, and gender relations. (General Education Code(s): CC.) D. Anthony

40A. Early Modern East Asia. F
Surveys the history of East Asia from 1500 to 1894. Covers political, social, economic, and cultural histories of China, Japan, and Korea with the goal of perceiving a regional history that encompassed each society. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Hu

40B. The Making of Modern East Asia. S
A broad introductory survey of the political, social, economic, philosophical, and religious heritage of modern China, Japan, and Korea. Emphasis on the historical foundations of modern nationalism, the colonial experience, and revolutionary movements. (General Education Code(s): CC.) A. Christy

41. The Making of the Modern Middle East. W
History of the modern Middle East from 1800 to the present, with special reference to the 20th century and forces which have shaped the area. The impact of imperialism, nationalism, and revolution in the area, with particular attention to the history of four countries: Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Israel. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Derr

42. Student-Directed Seminar. F,W,S
Seminars taught by upper-division students under faculty supervision. (See course 192.) The Staff

44. Modern South Asia, 1500 to Present. F
Provides an introductory survey of South Asian history and society from the beginning of the 16th Century until the dawn of the 21st Century. Students gain an understanding of major events and long transformations in society, economy, culture, and politics. (General Education Code(s): ER.) J. Shaikh

50. Pyramids and Papyrus: the History of Ancient Egypt. *
Introduces the political and social history of ancient Egyptian civilization from the Predynasitic through the end of the Pharaonic period. (Formerly Introduction to the History of Ancient Egypt.) (General Education Code(s): CC.) E. Sullivan

60. Scientific Vocabulary and the Roots of the European Scientific Tradition. W,S
Trains students in the principals that will help them make sense of Greco-Latin scientific and technical vocabulary. Introduces Greco-Roman natural philosophy and its general cultural context, and explains the historical relationship of that tradition to the emergence of modern European experimental science and technology. (General Education Code(s): PE-T.) C. Hedrick, J. Lynn

61. Classical Mythology. *
Introduces the philosophy of myth, and surveys classical Greek mythology. Students explore the mythic mode of thinking and its distinguishing characteristics as well as the repertoire of Greek myths and their cultural contexts. C. Hedrick

62A. Classical World: Greece. *
An overview of Greek history from the beginnings through the Hellenistic period, with emphasis on the Archaic and Classical periods (ca. 800 B.C. through 323 B.C.). (General Education Code(s): CC.) C. Hedrick

62B. Classical World: Rome. *
A lecture course offering an overview of Roman history and civilization from the legendary founding of Rome in 753 B.C. to the collapse of the Roman Empire's central administration in the West in 476 A.D. (General Education Code(s): CC.) C. Hedrick

63. Women in the Ancient World. *
Examines the lives of women in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Most readings are from primary texts (i.e., ancient sources), literary, historical, and documentary; material and artistic evidence also is considered. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Lynn

65A. Medieval Europe: 200-1000. S
A survey of Europe from the third through 10th centuries. Emphasizes cultural conflict and assimilation (Roman and Germanic, pagan and Christian, East and West). Topics include the rise of Christianity, Germanic migrations, Byzantium and Islam, the cult of saints and relics, Vikings, and gender roles. (General Education Code(s): CC.) C. Polecritti

70A. Modern European History, 1500-1815. W
Surveys the economic, social, cultural, and political history of Europe since the late 15th century: 1500-1815. Course 70A is not a prerequisite to course 70B. (General Education Code(s): CC.) B. Breen

70B. Modern European History, 1815-present. F
Surveys the political, social, and cultural history of Europe from the era of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the second millennium. Course 70A is not prerequisite to 70B. (General Education Code(s): CC.) B. Thompson

74. Introduction to Jewish History and Cultures. *
Surveys 3,000 years of Jewish history. Themes include origins of the Jews in the ancient world, formation and persistence of the Jewish diaspora, coherence and diversity of Jewish experience, Jewish narrative and textual traditions, interaction between Jews and other cultures, productive tensions between tradition and modernity in Jewish history and literature. (General Education Code(s): ER.) N. Deutsch

74A. Introduction to Middle Eastern and North African Jewish History: Ancient to Early Modern. *
Popular media present Muslims and Jews as age-old enemies; this is far from the truth. Through primary sources, secondary texts, and films, students examine this fraught and politicized history, challenging conventional narratives of the region and its Jewish population. (General Education Code(s): CC.) A. Heckman

74B. Introduction to Middle Eastern and North African Jewish History, 1500-2000. F
Surveys modern Jewish history from Morocco to Iran, 1500-2000. Studying these populations through original documents, scholarly works, and literature imparts a unique perspective on both modern Jewish history and that of the region, challenging and complementing standard narratives of each. (Formerly course 74A, Jewish Life in North Africa and the Middle East.) (General Education Code(s): CC.) A. Heckman

75. Film and the Holocaust. S
Examines a series of distinguished documentary and feature films about the destruction of European Jewry. Each film is placed in its historical context, and wherever possible, the readings include the original documents on which films were based. Emphasis is placed on the strategies the filmmakers used to address the problem of representing genocide without succumbing to mere melodrama. (General Education Code(s): IM.) B. Thompson

76. Hitler and the Holocaust. *
Investigates the Jewish genocide of 1933-45, with a focus on perpetrators, victims, and bystanders. The Holocaust will be compared with other genocides and placed within the context of the Great Depression, Nazi-Soviet relations, and World War II. (General Education Code(s): PE-H.) The Staff

80N. Gender, Labor, and Feminist Productions. *
Examines how constructions of gender and intersecting constructions of race, class, and sexuality define the power of women differentially in the world of work. Beginning with the history of emancipation, traces the broader constructions of paid and unpaid labor in the 20th-century U.S. Traces the specific histories of transgender women workers, specific regional and industrial histories, and those marked by the meaning given to African, Asian, Euro-, indigenous, and Mexican descent in the construction of gender and work. Uses feminist methodology and contemporaneous visual and written work by women artists and filmmakers. (General Education Code(s): CC.) L. Haas

80X. Civil Rights Movement: Grassroots Change and American Society. S
The civil rights movement of the 1950s-60s was one of the most important grassroots social movements in American history. Course examines this movement and its effects on American society, focusing especially on the experiences of rank-and-file participants. (Formerly Community Studies 80B) (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Brundage

80Y. World War II Memories in the U.S. and Japan. W
Examines how the meaning of such issues as war origins, war responsibility, the atomic bomb, reparations, and racism have been subjects of contention in postwar U.S. and Japan. Students explore the relations between history, memory, and contemporary politics. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.) A. Christy, A. Yang

99. Tutorial. F,W,S
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

Upper-Division Courses

100. Historical Skills and Methods. F,W,S
Designed to introduce history majors to historical methods and provide preparation for exit seminars. Students develop critical reading, historical analysis, research, and disciplinary writing skills. Enrollment restricted to history majors and proposed majors or by permission of the instructor. (General Education Code(s): TA.) D. Brundage, M. Davis, M. Peterson

100A. @history: Doing History in a Digital Age. W
Investigates questions relating to how new technologies are changing the way historians do research and interact with the public. This course has both a critical classroom component and a hands-on computer laboratory component. (Formerly Digital History.) Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, Jewish studies, German studies, and classical studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.) E. Sullivan

101A. The Making of the Modern World, 1400-1750. *
Focuses on the transformation of many different societies of Asia, Africa, and the Americas from 1400 to 1750 through case histories and the comparative study of European colonial hegemony, labor systems, global economic exchange, missions, and warfare. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

101B. The Making of the Modern World, 1750-1950. *
The history of the world from 1750. Focuses on the liberal project (the industrial and democratic revolutions) and its impact on the world—slavery and abolition, self-strengthening movements, race and class, imperialism, colonialism, and nationalism. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

101C. Oceans in World History. *
Oceans, human communities, and the variety of relations between societies have been linked closely in world history. This course focuses on the three most well-researched and, historically, most important oceanic worlds--those that developed to link the regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Matera

101D. Topics in the World History of Science. *
Detailed consideration of some specific topic or period in the history of science and technology with significant global implication. Topic varies from year to year. Examples include: Copernicanism, Darwinism, climate change, and military technology. May be repeated for credit. (General Education Code(s): SI.) N. Aso

104C. Celluloid Natives: American Indian History on Film. *
Examines how American Indian history and culture has been portrayed in Hollywood films, with an emphasis on films that represent Native Americans over the broad spectrum of Native American/white relations. (General Education Code(s): IM.) A. Lonetree

104D. Museums and the Representation of Native American History, Memory, and Culture. S
Provides an historical overview of the relationship between American Indians and museums. Current issues and practices in museums are explored, primarily those associated with ethics, collecting practices, exhibitions, education/interpretation, and administration/governance. (General Education Code(s): ER.) A. Lonetree

105. Nations and Nationalism. *
Provides an historical, comparative, and theoretical exploration of the development of nations and nationalism. Emphases include the historical formation of nation-states, modernization, colonialism, decolonization, nations and globalization, and the intersections between ethnicity, race, religions, and nationalism. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

106A. Vietnam War Memories. *
Compares memories and interpretations of war in Southeast Asia by diverse groups in France, America, and Vietnam. Topics include war origins, military strategies, propaganda, combat, civilians, media, activism, MIAs, refugees, mixed race children, memorials, textbooks, films, music, literature, and art. (General Education Code(s): CC.) A. Yang

106B. Asian and Asian American History, 1941-Present. *
Analyzes immigration, race relations, war, gender ideology, family life, acculturation, political activism, interracial marriage, multiracial identity, and cultural representations between 1941 and the present. Emphasis on discussion, writing, research, and group presentations. (General Education Code(s): ER.) A. Yang

106C. Food Empires of Asia and the Pacific. *
Examines the processes that have informed the food on our plates. Looks at food as a medium to understand the processes of migration, invention, colonialism, imperialism, and capitalism that have shaped much of the Asia-Pacific world. The Staff

107. Religion and Modernity. *
Explores the impact of modernity on a variety of religious traditions. Examines the rise of secularism and the phenomenon of disenchantment; the "invention" of religion; and the emergence of fundamentalism in the modern period. (General Education Code(s): CC.) N. Deutsch

108. Social Movements in Historical Perspective. *
Readings examine 18th- through 20th-century social movements and related phenomena in Europe/America: examples include Tulipomania; revolutionary action in France; U.S. Civil Rights movement; and the environmental and feminist movements. Lectures focus on social science frameworks used to explore the social base, tactics, success or failure, and inter-relationships of social movements as a distinctive mode of social change. The Staff

109A. Race, Gender, and Power in the Antebellum South. *
Examines how ideologies of race and gender shaped the development of slavery and empire in the American South from European colonization to the eve of the American Civil War. (General Education Code(s): ER.) C. Jones

110A. Colonial America, 1500-1750. *
Explores the social, economic, cultural, and political development of British North America from the first European/Amerindian contacts in the late 16th century through the establishment of a provincial British colonial society. Course 110A is not a prerequisite to course 110B. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) M. Westerkamp

110B. Revolutionary America, 1740-1815. S
Explores the political, social, economic, and cultural development of British North America from the first stirrings of resistance to the establishment of the U.S. Course 110A is not a prerequisite to course 110B. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. G. O'Malley

110D. The Civil War Era. W
Social, political, and economic history of the American Civil War and Reconstruction, focusing on the war's changing nature and significance, emancipation, and the postwar struggle over the future of the South and the nation. C. Jones

110E. Rise of the Machines: Technology, Inequality, and the United States, 1877 to 1914. *
History of the U.S. during what was perhaps its most socially turbulent era, the period following Reconstruction through the First World War. What did it mean to be a nation in the post-Reconstruction era? How did a country that had only recently unified itself under one system of labor now resolve the question of national identity? Was America truly a nation by 1914? Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): PE-T.) M. Lasar

110F. World War USA: The United States from 1914 through 1945. *
Between the First and Second World Wars, American society accepted the need for a regulatory state to save capitalism from itself. Takes an in-depth look at many aspects of U.S. politics and culture during these years. (Formerly Crossroads for American Capitalism: The U.S., 1914 to 1945.) M. Lasar

110G. Age of Extremes: The United States During the Cold War, 1945 to 1991. F
From the Good War to the Cold War, the Sixties to the rise of the New Right, the post-1945 American experience has been one of extremes. This survey course looks for evidence of commonality during those times. (Formerly The U.S. After the Second World War.) M. Lasar

110H. Greater Reconstruction: Race, Empire, and Citizenship in the Post-Civil War United States. *
Examines how the consolidation of United States sovereignty in North America and the establishment of an overseas empire during the period between the conclusion of the Civil War and the Phillippine-American War reshaped conceptions of race and citizenship. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) C. Jones

111. Popular Conceptions of Race in U.S. History, 1600-Present. *
Explores how race has been constructed and perceived, examining Americans' use of race to describe themselves and to label others. Particularly concerned with ordinary people and how and why their ideas of race have changed over time. (General Education Code(s): ER.) G. O'Malley

112. American Feminist Thought, 1750-1950. *
Traces history of feminist thought in the United States from the 18th century Enlightenment to the mid-20th century. Focusing on questions of social identity, gender difference, and legal/political status, examines writings of philosophers, activists, novelists, and ordinary women that challenged religious, political, and scientific beliefs underlying gender inequality. M. Westerkamp

113C. Women and American Religious Culture. F
Historical introduction to religious culture of U.S. as experienced and created by women. Explores religious ideas about women, the treatment of women by mainstream institutions and religio-social communities, and female religious leaders and followers. Takes an explicitly feminist analytical approach and uses a variety of "texts," including historical and literary scholarship, sacred texts, fiction, autobiography, material artifacts, visual art, and music. M. Westerkamp

114. Market Revolution in Antebellum U.S.. *
Examines the cultural, political, and environmental upheaval associated with antebellum market revolution. Topics include: markets and U.S. territorial expansion; reform movements that coalesced around disputes over what should, and should not be sold (e.g., antislavery activism; anti-prostitution reform movements). C. Jones

115A. U.S. Labor History to 1919. F
Explores the history of work, working-class people, and the labor movement in the U.S., with attention to race and gender dynamics as well as to the development of workers' organizations. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Frank

115B. U.S. Labor History, 1919 to the Present. W
Explores the history of work, working-class people, and the labor movement in the U.S. in global perspective with attention to race and gender dynamics and political-economic changes. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Frank

115C. Learning from the U.S. Great Depression. *
Examines U.S. society, politics, and culture during the 1930s, with emphasis on the relationship between social movements and public policy, and dynamics of race, ethnicity, immigration, and gender, and dynamics between labor, business, and the state. D. Frank

116. Slavery Across the Americas. *
Examines the exploitation of African people as slaves throughout European colonies in the Americas. How did slavery affect slaves, enslavers, and their societies? Emphasizes the diversity of slave regimes and their importance for shaping American life for all. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) G. O'Malley

117. Wired Nation: Broadcasting & Telecommunications in the US from the Telegraph to the Internet. *
Explores the history of telecommunications systems in the US starting with the telegraph, the telephone, wireless telegraph, radio, television and the Internet. Students learn about the development of these systems and the cultures that they foster. M. Lasar

117A. From the Player Piano to Pandora. *
Explores the history, culture, and politics of the distribution of recorded and live sound from the 1870s through the present. M. Lasar

118. The Global Cold War, 1945-1991. W
Explores the history of the Cold War from a global, multinational perspective. Begins with the opening salvos between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1945, and concludes with the collapse of the latter empire in 1991. M. Lasar

118A. Conspiracy Planet: How Conspiracies, Conspiracy Theories, and Conspiracy Scandals Shape History. S
Explores the history of a principal obsession of our age: the conspiracy. Focuses on the people who love them most: conspiracy theorists. Millions of people around the world believe in conspiracy theories. Why? (General Education Code(s): PE-H.) M. Lasar

120. W.E.B. Du Bois. *
Examines the thought and activities of W.E.B. Du Bois across changing historical circumstances. Considers the ways Du Bois's work has been used in the present to address issues such as racism and imperialism. (General Education Code(s): ER.) E. Porter

121A. African American History to 1877. F
A survey of pre-contact Africa, indigenous social structures, class relations, the encounter with Europe, forced migration, seasoning, resistance, Africa's gift to America, slavery and its opponents, industrialization, emigration vs. assimilation, stratification, Convention Movement, Black feminism, Civil War, and Reconstruction. (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Anthony

121B. African American History: 1877 to the Present. W
A survey of the period from 1877 to present, highlighting Jim Crow, Militarism, Black feminism, WWI, New Negro, Garveyism, Harlem Renaissance, Black Radicalism, Pan Africanism, Depression, WWII, Desegregation Movement, Black Power, 1960s, Reaganism. Cultural and economic emphases. (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Anthony

122A. Jazz and United States Cultural History, 1900-1945. *
Explores the meaning of jazz in United States society and as a U.S.-based art form in other societies. Examines the social and cultural forces that have produced different jazz styles and the various ways that social conflicts and ideals have been displaced onto the music. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Porter

122B. Jazz and United States Cultural History, 1945 to the Present. F
Explores the meaning of jazz in United States society and as a U.S.-based art form in other societies since 1945. Examines the social and cultural forces producing jazz movements and the social transformations, conflicts, and ideals read into the music. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Porter

123. Immigrants and Immigration in U.S. History. W
Introduces U.S. immigration history from the colonial era to the present, with emphasis on the recent past. Particular attention given to changing immigration patterns; the character of the immigrant experience; and the range of responses to immigration, including nativism. (General Education Code(s): ER.) D. Brundage

124. American Empire. *
Examines U.S. expansion and subsequent ascent to global power. In tracing the presence of the U.S. in different areas of the world during the 20th century, course considers the ideas, politics, gender, and social relations that have influenced imperial aspirations. L. Haas

125. California History. S
California had a multi-ethnic indigenous society for centuries. Course traces the persistent multi-ethnic quality of the region as it became part of the Spanish empire, Mexico, and the United States. Considers the many diasporas that have shaped California's steady connection to the world, especially to Mexico and other nations that border the Pacific. (General Education Code(s): ER.) L. Haas

125A. Indigenous Histories of California. *
Examines the tribal histories and epistemologies of California's recognized and unrecognized tribes. Beginning with ancient pasts of linguistically distinct indigenous peoples, the class focuses on the 19th and 20th centuries, and considers the role of colonialism, genocide, and historical recovery. L. Haas

126. From Indigenous Colonial Borderlands to the U.S.-Mexico Border. *
Examines the interactions and integration of indigenous people and settlers in the Southwest U.S. and Northern Mexico from a region defined by its indigenous colonial borderlands to national borders. Explores the connections between the U.S. and Mexico. Within the deeply cross-cultural region studied, also examines the particular histories of states, indigenous peoples, and Mexican-origin groups and regions. (General Education Code(s): ER.) L. Haas

128. Chicana/Chicano History. *
A survey course on the social history of the Mexican (Chicana/o) community and people in the U.S. through the 20th century. Themes include resistance, migration, labor, urbanization, culture and politics. Satisfies American History and Institutions Requirement. (General Education Code(s): ER.) G. Delgado

130. History of Modern Cuba. F
Covers from the Cuban sugar revolution (late 18th century) to the socialist revolution and its aftermath (1959–present). It is intended to be not only a modern history of Cuba but also a broader history of Latin America through the case of Cuba. M. Diaz

131. Women in Colonial Latin America. S
Introduction to the social history of Latin America through a focus on the inflections of class and ethnicity on gender in this region. First six weeks focuses on the colonial period. The last three weeks covers the 19th and 20th centuries. M. Diaz

134A. Colonial Mexico. *
Covers the social, cultural, economic, and political history of colonial Mexico (New Spain). Special attention paid to colonial identity formation, religion, and labor systems. Begins by examining indigenous societies prior to the arrival of Europeans and concludes with Mexico's independence movement in the early 19th century. (General Education Code(s): ER.) M. O'Hara

134B. History of Mexico, 1850 to Present. *
Social, cultural, economic, and political history from the triumph of Liberalism to the present day, focusing on four key periods: the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz (1900–1910), the armed phase of the Revolution (1910–1920), the consolidation of revolutionary programs and a "single-party democracy" (1920–1940), and the developmentalist counter-revolution since 1940. Provides background for understanding the Mexican diaspora to the U.S. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. O'Hara

137A. Africa to 1800. *
Introduction to history of Africa. Topics include states and "stateless" societies, culture, society and economy in the pre-modern era, stratification, oral traditions, long distance trade, the coming of Islam, and the evolution of the South Atlantic system and its social, political, and other consequences. Some background knowledge of Africa helpful. (General Education Code(s): CC.) D. Anthony

137B. Africa from 1800 to the Present. *
How Africa lost its continental, regional, and local autonomy in the era of European imperialism. The components of European hegemony, Christian proselytization, comparative colonial strategies and structures, nationalism, decolonization and independence and the disengagement from neo-colonial patterns and the colonial legacy. Case studies from northern and subsaharan Africa. Some background knowledge of Africa helpful. (General Education Code(s): CC.) D. Anthony

137C. African Cinema. *
Historical study of modern African cinematography from the emergence of film as a tool of social control in the imperial and colonial periods to its theoretical and practical transformation by African cineastes in the post-independence era. Films and videos from northern, eastern, western, central/equatorial, and southern Africa viewed. Prerequisite(s): course 30 or 137A or 137B, or by permission of instructor. (General Education Code(s): CC.) D. Anthony

140B. History of Qing China, 1644-1911. W
Introduces students to how Qing China arose, expanded, and struggled to enter the modern world. Focuses on what the Qing empire had in common with other agrarian empires across Eurasia, commercialization and communication networks, elite mobility and peasant revolts, political legitimacy of the alien rule, maintaining social order (such as merchants' control and gender segregation), massive population growth and internal migration, as well as its conflicts with the industrial West. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Hu

140C. Revolutionary China 1895-1960. S
Explores history of China from the late 19th century to the early years of the People's Republic, focusing on the end of imperial rule, the sources and development of revolution, and early attempts at at socialist transformation. (General Education Code(s): CC.) E. Honig

140D. Recent Chinese History. F
Explores history of China from establishment of the People's Republic of China to the present, focusing on competing strategies of socialist transformation, urban/rural relations, and the effects of the post-Mao economic reforms. (General Education Code(s): CC.) G. Hershatter

140E. Women in China's Long 20th Century. W
Introduces changes in Chinese women's lives--and changes in shared social ideas about what women should do and be--from the mid-19th century to the present. When we foreground gender as a category of analysis, how does history look different? (General Education Code(s): CC.) G. Hershatter

141A. Classical Chinese Culture and Literature, 10th Century B.C.E. through Sixth Century C.E. *
Survey of writing and culture from the 10th century B.C.E. through the sixth century C.E., focusing on poetry, philosophical and historical writing, supernatural fiction, Buddhist/Taoist texts in contexts of fragmentation, empire building, dynastic collapse, rebellion, eremitism, and courtly society. Critical approach designations: Geographies, Histories. Distribution requirements: Global, Poetry, Pre-1750. (Also offered as Literature 141B. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) C. Connery

141B. Classical Chinese Culture and Literature, Sixth Century through 16th Century. *
Survey of writing and culture from the Tang through early Ming dynasties (sixth century C.E. through 16th century C.E.). Themes include literary, religious, and philosophical innovation; courtly life; cultural contacts with non-Chinese people; and transformations of state and society. Critical approach designations: Geographies, Histories. Distribution requirements: Global, Poetry, Pre-1750. (Also offered as Literature 141C. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) C. Connery

145. Gender, Colonialism, and Third-World Feminisms. *
Introduces the history of feminism in the third world, focusing on the ways in which colonialism (and post-colonialism) has shaped gender relations and on the feminist movements that have emerged in response to the impact of colonialism. E. Honig

146A. Colonial South Asia 1750-1947. *
Introduces key transformations--political, economic, social, and cultural--in colonial Indian history. The focus is on the processes, institutions, and ideas that shaped colonial power and resisted it. J. Shaikh

147A. History of Premodern India. *
A study of religions (Vaisnavism, Tantrism, Islam, Sikhism), art, literature, and social movements in their historical contexts from 1000 A.D. to 1800. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Shaikh

147B. Political and Social History of Modern South Asia. *
Social, political, and religious movements in the colonial and postcolonial contexts of the 19th and 20th centuries in modern and contemporary South Asia. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Shaikh

147C. South Asia in the 20th Century. S
Introduces historical change in 20th-century South Asia. Topics include: modernity, gender, state formation, nationalism, democracy, and development. Course material includes interdisciplinary secondary works, primary reading by important political actors, and films. Prior knowledge of South Asia is useful, but not necessary. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Shaikh

147D. Intellectual History of South Asia. *
Highlights the power of ideas in making South Asia modern. Focuses on the 19th and 20th Centuries. Ideas assessed include liberalism, Marxism, Hindu revivalism, Islamic jihad,democracy, nationalism, secularism, and development. (General Education Code(s): TA.) J. Shaikh

150A. Ancient Japan. *
Surveys the history of the peoples of the Japanese islands from prehistorical migrations through the 15th century. Emphases include examination of social structures, political formations, cultural production, and religion. (General Education Code(s): CC.) N. Aso

150B. Tokugawa Japan. *
Surveys the history of the peoples of the Japanese islands from the middle of the 15th century to the middle of the 19th century. Focus is on the era of civil war, the formation of the early modern federated state, social structure, and cultural production. A. Christy

150C. Modern Japan. *
Surveys the history of the peoples of the modern Japanese nation from the Meiji Restoration to the present. Focuses on the formation of the modern state, empire, social movements, and cultural production. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

150D. The Japanese Empire, 1868-1945. *
Examines the history of the Japanese colonial empire from 1868 to 1945, including the colonies of Taiwan, Korea, Micronesia, and Manchuria. Considers how the colonies were ruled and what the legacies of the empire have been. A. Christy, N. Aso

150E. History and Memory in the Okinawan Islands. *
Known historically as the Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa has long been an important transmitter of people, ideas, and goods in East Asia. Course explores this history by focusing not only on the royalty of these islands, but also on the lives of everyday people. The Staff

150F. Engendering Empires: Women in Modern Japan and Korea. F
Explores how women's experiences in Japan and Korea were intertwined and differentiated before and during World War II under Japanese empire, and from the postwar to the present under American hegemony. (General Education Code(s): CC.) N. Aso

151. History of Science, Medicine, and Technology from Antiquity to the Enlightenment. W
Questions explored include the debate over when/where "modern science" began; the role of craft-based and artisanal skills in the production of knowledge; and the technological and social impacts of intellectual change, from the Bronze Age to the birth of computing. (General Education Code(s): SI.) B. Breen

152. Trade and Travel on the Silk Roads. *
Introduction to two millennia of history along the ancient trade routes popularly known as the "Silk Road." These routes carried precious goods between Asia and Europe, while also serving as important conduits for the flow of people and ideas. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Peterson

154. Post-Colonial North Africa. F
Introduces the history of modern North Africa from WWI to the so-called "Arab Spring." Topics include the dynamics of colonial rule and reform, anti-colonial nationalism, decolonization, the rise of Islamism, and popular protest. (General Education Code(s): TA.) M. Davis

155. History of Modern Israel. W
The conflict between Israelis and Palestinians is one of the most intractable disputes in our troubled world. Course begins with a glimpse of Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, surveys the rise and fall of utopian Zionism, pays especially close attention to the events of 1948 and 1967, and concludes by analyzing the collapse of hopes for peace after Oslo and Camp David meetings. (General Education Code(s): CC.) B. Thompson

156. Interrogating Politics in the Post-Colonial Middle East. W
Explores the political trajectory of the post-colonial Middle East. Topics include: the Cold War and rise of Third Worldism; women's movements; political Islam; Arab-Israeli conflict; Lebanese Civil War; impact of oil production; Iranian Revolution; rise of the Arabian Gulf. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Derr

156A. Art, Culture, and Mass Media in the Arab Middle East. *
Chronicles the cultural history of the Arabic-speaking regions of the Middle East through art, literature, cinema, and mass media during the 20th and 21st Centuries. J. Derr

157. The Ottoman Empire. *
Explores the history of the Ottoman Empire with emphasis on its Arabic-speaking provinces. In addition to critically considering the political trajectory of the empire, we interrogate a wide range of topics relating to community organization, economic networks, international affairs, and the significance of religion within the Ottoman realm. (General Education Code(s): CC.) J. Derr

158C. Slavery in the Atlantic World: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives. *
Explores the African diaspora resulting from the transatlantic slave trade, drawing on methodologies from two academic disciplines--history and archaeology. Examines key questions about the slave system, using an array of source materials, both written documents and artifacts. (Also offered as Anthropology 179. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to history, anthropology, and critical race and ethnic studies majors and minors during first-pass enrollment; open to all students at the start of second-pass enrollment. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.) G. O'Malley

159A. Cleopatra to Constantine: Greek and Roman Egypt. W
Examines the political, social, religious, and material culture of ancient Egypt during these periods of intense interaction with the ancient Near East and Mediterranean, from the period of Alexander (332 BCE) through the beginning of Coptic Christianity (3rd century CE). (Formerly Greco-Roman Egypt.) (General Education Code(s): CC.) E. Sullivan

159B. Women and Gender in Ancient Egypt. *
Explores sex and gender in ancient Egypt with a specific focus on women. Artistic representations, texts, objects of daily life, and burials are used to examine the practices that encoded gender in this ancient culture. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Sullivan

159C. Temple and City: The Egyptian New Kingdom and the City of Thebes. S
Introduces the political and religious history of the Egyptian New Kingdom (1546-1086 BCE), using the city of Thebes as a focal point The political, religious, and architectural history of the city is covered. E. Sullivan

159D. When Cities Were New: the Rise of Urbanism in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. *
Investigates the rise and development of urbanism in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean world, including Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, Greece, and the Roman Empire. Close studies of individual ancient cities, as well as broader issues in ancient urbanism are covered. (General Education Code(s): CC.) E. Sullivan

160A. Athenian Democracy. *
Athenian democracy from foundation to the fourth century B.C., with emphasis on its practices and ideologies. Readings from ancient sources and modern theory. Topics to include foundations and development; Athenian concepts of freedom, equality, law, citizenship. Lectures and discussion. (General Education Code(s): CC.) C. Hedrick

160C. Topics in Greek History. *
Detailed consideration of some specific topic or period in Greek history, varying from year to year. Examples include Greek religion, Alexander, the Hellenistic world, the ancient Greek economy, and Greece and India; Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War; Greek art and archaeology. May be repeated for credit. (General Education Code(s): CC.) C. Hedrick

161B. Topics in Roman History. F
Detailed consideration of some specific topic or period in Roman history, varying from year to year. Examples include Roman religion, Augustus and the Roman Empire, Julio-Claudian emperors and the principate, Roman slavery, and Christianity and Rome. May be repeated for credit. C. Hedrick

161C. Age of Augustus. *
Surveys Rome's transition from Republic to Empire, and the politics, people, and literary and material culture of the principate. J. Lynn

163B. Genesis: A History. S
Introduction to historical, textual, source, and redaction criticism of the book of Genesis and to exegesis as science and ideology. Texts, history, and iconography of neighboring traditions (Mesopotamian, Ugaritic, Egyptian, Greek) are also studied when appropriate. Course 44, Literature 80A, or some basis in Hebrew or Greek is strongly suggested. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

164A. Late-Medieval Italy, c. 1200-1400. *
Italy from the birth of the commune to the early Renaissance in Florence. Topics include urban life and social conflict, gender roles, St. Francis, the Black Death, female mystics, Dante, Boccaccio, humanism, artistic developments from Giotto through Donatello. Requires viewing several films outside of class. C. Polecritti

164B. Renaissance Italy, c. 1400-1600. *
Italy from the Florentine Renaissance through the Reformation. Topics include social change and political consolidation, the rise of the papacy, court life, witch hunting, Machiavelli, artistic developments from Donatello through late Venetian Renaissance. Requires viewing several films outside of class. Course 164A recommended as preparation. C. Polecritti

166. Northern Ireland: Communities in Conflict. *
Introduction to the so-called "troubles" in Northern Ireland, from the 1960s to the present. Examination of the historical background to the conflict, the patterns of conflict in the 1970s and 1980s, and the emergence of a peace process in the 1990s. (General Education Code(s): CC.) D. Brundage

167A. The First World War. *
An intensive analysis of the First World War from multiple perspectives: military, diplomatic, political, economic, technological, global, and cultural. The emphasis is on the transformative impact of the war on European societies, international relations, and modern culture. (General Education Code(s): TA.) B. Thompson

167B. The Second World War in Europe. *
Making use of multiple perspectives, this course explores the origins of the Second World War, its course and outcome, and its transformative effects on European society, culture, polities, and demographics. Closely examines the war's impact on diverse civilian populations. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

169. Dutch and Belgian History, 1500 to Present. W
The political, social, economic, and cultural history of the modern Netherlands and Belgium from 1500 to the present day. The Staff

170A. French History: Old Regime and Revolution. *
French history from the Middle Ages through the Revolution. Focus on the rise and fall of "absolute" monarchy, the nature of Old Regime society, the causes and significance of the French Revolution. Attention to those who endured as well as to those who made events. The Staff

170B. French History: The 19th Century. *
Social, political, and cultural history of France from the Revolution to WWI. Focus on the Revolutionary tradition, the Napoleonic myth, the transformation of Paris, and the integration of the peasantry into the national community. Readings may include novels by Stendhal and Balzac. M. Davis

170C. From the Trenches to the Casbah: France and its Empire in the 20th Century. S
Surveys major events in 20th-century French history, such as the two World Wars, the Thirty Glorious Years, European integration, decolonization, the Cold War, and the events of May 1968. (General Education Code(s): TA.) M. Davis

171. Revolutions in France. *
Examines the political/social upheaval in 1789, 1830, and 1848 in light of the sweeping changes brought to 19th-century France by those other great "revolutions" of the age, the democratic and the industrial. Students' written work focuses on the comparative analysis of revolution. Offered in alternate academic years. The Staff

172A. German History. *
The development of German civilization, including philosophy and literature as well as politics and diplomacy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Staff

172B. German Film, 1919-1945. F
Introduction to German films from 1919 to 1945. Through combination of movies and documentaries, gain insight into political, economic, social, and cultural conditions of Weimar and Nazi Germany. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Kehler

172C. History of German Film, 1945 to Present. *
Uses films and documentaries to provide insight into the political, social, economic, and cultural conditions of postwar East and West Germany, with a strong focus on remembrance of the country's Nazi past. (General Education Code(s): IM.) E. Kehler

172D. Hitler and the Third Reich. *
Focuses on Hitler's political career and analyzes how he harnessed Germany and much of Europe to his vision of a "New Order" organized along a social-Darwinist notion of the "racial community." The Staff

173A. Medieval Russia. *
Topics include Russia's relations with Scandinavia, Byzantium, and the Mongols; Orthodoxy; and the roles of women. Materials include chronicles, letters, law codes, household manuals, travelogues, epics, art, architecture, and maps. Also explores the continuing relevance of Russia's medieval past through operas and film. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Peterson

173B. Imperial Russia, 1696-1917. *
Russian history from Peter the Great through the collapse of the Russian Empire. Explores the relationship between state and subjects (both Russian and non-Russian), alongside the role that geography played in an expanding empire in an increasingly globalizing world. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Peterson

173C. History of the Soviet Union. W
Covers Soviet history from the late imperial period through the Soviet collapse. Explores the nature of the Soviet state, relationships between state and society, the role of the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and experiences of everyday life. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Peterson

174. Spies: History and Culture of Espionage. S
Analyzes the roles of espionage and intelligence in modern European history with emphasis on major conflicts from the Franco-Prussian War through the Cold War and beyond. Also examines images of spies in popular culture from the early 20th century to the present. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

175D. History of Soviet Film. *
Does not stress questions of aesthetics or technical aspects of film making, but the changing ideology inherent in Soviet films. The goal of examining cinema is to enrich our understanding of Soviet history. Readings include works of famous directors and theorists—Eisenstein, Vertov, Pudovkin, and Kuleshov—in addition to secondary works by Denise Youngblood, Richard Taylor, Josephine Woll, and Anna Lawton. The Staff

176. Eastern Europe, 1848-2000. S
Examines the political and social history of modern Eastern Europe, excluding the Balkans and Baltic States, from 1848 to the present. Focuses on the development of nationalism, war, occupation, ethnic strife, communism, and democratic reform in this region. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

177. Smoke, Smallpox, and the Sublime: Thinking about the Environment in the 19th Century. F
Examines ways in which Europeans and others thought about the environment and nature in the 19th century and how their concerns about issues such as climate change, pollution, and conservation were both similar to and different from environmentalist thinking today. (General Education Code(s): PE-E.) M. Peterson

177A. Tropics of Empire. S
Surveys the role of the tropics and tropical peoples in history, covering the post-Columbian encounters between indigenous Americans, Europeans, and Africans, colonialism, and the origins of fields, such as anthropology and tropical medicine. B. Breen

178A. European Intellectual History: The Enlightenment. *
Study of European thought and literature from Hobbes and Swift to Rousseau and Goethe. Focuses on relation of ideas to their social and cultural context. Special attention to traditions of religious conflict and criticism rising from the Protestant Reformation; to the discovery of the world beyond Europe; and to the intellectual and cultural roots of the French Revolution. N. Deutsch

178B. European Intellectual History: The 19th Century. *
Study of European thought and literature from Blake to Nietzsche. Focuses on relation of ideas to their social and cultural context. Special attention to the rise and fall of the Romantic movement, to changing conceptions of history, and to the development of socialist and aesthetic critiques of industrial civilization. B. Thompson

178C. European Intellectual History, 1870-1970. *
Drawing on experiments in autobiography, the arts, and social theory, this course focuses on ideas and images of modernity in European culture. It also highlights the role of the intellectual as politically engaged or disillusioned witness in a violent century. Offered in alternate academic years. (General Education Code(s): CC.) The Staff

178E. Modern Jewish Intellectual History. *
Surveys European Jewish intellectual history from the Enlightenment to the present. Major themes include emancipation and assimilation, the flowering of Yiddish literature, the rise of Zionism, new variations on the messianic idea, and Jewish contributions to the culture of urban modernism. Offered in alternate academic years. (General Education Code(s): ER.) B. Thompson

180A. English History. *
Emphasis on the interaction between social, economic, religious, and political developments. An attempt to place these phenomena in the context of the wider European and world scene. The period from 1485 to 1689. The Staff

181. Modern Britain and the British Empire. F
Examines the history of the British Isles and the British Empire from the late 17th century to the present. Traces the expansion, transformation, and dissolution of the British Empire as well as the changing meanings of "Englishness" and "Britishness" over this period. (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Matera

181A. Postcolonial Britain and France. *
Transdisciplinary examination of the politics and culture of postcolonial Britain and France. Topics include: immigration from South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean; racism and antiracism; minority difference and citizenship practices; and the emergence of Islam as a major category of identity and difference. (Also offered as Anthropology 110O. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) (General Education Code(s): CC.) M. Matera

181B. Africa and Britain in an Imperial World. S
Covers the long history of interaction between Britain and Africa, from the Atlantic slave trade and British colonialism in Africa up to the post-colonial present, from British settlers in Africa to the African presence in the British Isles. (General Education Code(s): ER.) M. Matera

183A. Nineteenth-Century Italy. F
Italian politics, culture, and society from the Napoleonic era through early leftist movements. Central emphasis on the Risorgimento and Unification. Other topics include: north-south conflict; banditry; urban change; growth of tourism; popular religion; family structures and gender; visual arts and opera. C. Polecritti

183B. Fascism and Resistance in Italy. W
Examines Italian politics, society, and culture (c. 1900-1950), emphasizing the Fascist regime; interdisciplinary focus emphasizing history, literature, and film. Course 183A recommended as preparation. C. Polecritti

184B. Racism and Antiracism in Europe: From 1870 to the Present. *
Explores the histories of racism and anti-Semitism alongside efforts to combat racism in Europe from 1870 to the present. Offers a conceptual basis for thinking about the definition of race and its historical evolution. (General Education Code(s): TA.) M. Davis

185D. Jewish Social Movements. *
Jewish social movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries, in Europe (Eastern and Western) and the U.S.: the confrontation between Hasidism and Haskahah, tensions between socialism and Zionism, between religiosity and secularism, the mutual influences among these tendencies. (Also offered as History of Consciousness 118. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to juniors and seniors. Enrollment limited to 20. B. Epstein

185I. Latin American Jewish History in the Modern Period. W
Explores Jewish immigration settlement and identity negotiation in Latin America from the mid-19th Century to the present. A. Heckman

185J. The Modern Jewish Experience. *
Historical comparative overview of the political, socio-cultural, and intellectual transformation of Jewish societies in Europe and the Middle East from the late 18th Century to the present. The Staff

185K. Jewish Life in Eastern Mediterranean Port Cities. *
Overview of the Jewish experience in important cities in the age of empire. Istanbul, Beirut, Alexandria, and Salonica were home to thriving, culturally diverse Jewish populations. Course explores these urban Jewish cultures, the institutions, and intellectual production. The Staff

185L. Where Civilizations Met--Jews, Judaism, and the Iberian Peninsula. *
Surveys Jewish life in the Iberian Peninsula from Roman times to the present, and explores offshoot Hispanic Jewish societies in the aftermath of the 1492 expulsion. N. Deutsch

185M. Zionism: An Intellectual History. S
Zionism is one of the most complex--and contested--political and ideological movements of the modern period. This course explores the intellectual history of Zionism and its critics, from the late 19th century to the establishment of the State of Israel. (General Education Code(s): ER.) N. Deutsch

185N. The Holocaust in a Digital World. W
Explores how digital tools change the way we know about the Holocaust by (1) critically understanding and analyzing digital representations of the Holocaust and (2) using and developing digital skills to engage with stories about the Holocaust. (Also offered as Jewish Studies 185N. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment is restricted to Jewish studies and history majors and minors during first-pass enrollment; open to all students at the start of second-pass enrollment. Enrollment limited to 20. (General Education Code(s): PR-E.) The Staff

185O. The Holocaust and the Arab World. *
Examines World War II in North Africa and the Middle East. Through primary and secondary sources, films, and novels, students consider WWII and the Holocaust as they intersect with colonial and Jewish histories in the Arab world. A. Heckman

190. Advanced Research and Reading Seminars.
An opportunity for advanced students to focus on specific research problems resulting in a substantial research paper of 25 pages, or discussion of assigned readings resulting in a series of short papers totaling 25 pages. Courses must be taken in area of concentration in order to count toward the major.

190A. Slavery and Race in Latin America. F
Covers comparative history of slavery in Latin America with questions of race in the colonial and national periods and key moments and debates in the historiography of slavery and its relation to ideologies of the past and the nations. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Diaz

190B. Race and the Nation in Latin America. *
Focuses on the ways in which nation and race have been thought about in Latin America throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. These concepts were closely intertwined, albeit in differing and changing ways, since the wars of independence from Spain and Portugal (1810-1825). Compares the ways in which "black," "Indian," and "racially mixed" ("mulatto" or "mestizo") have been socially constructed, ideologized, and contended in different countries, including Brazil, the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, Mexico, Peru, and Argentina. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Diaz

190C. 9/11 in Historical Perspective. *
Explores how scholars and other observers have tried to make sense of the events of and following September 11, 2001, through analysis and other invocations of historical precedent. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. E. Porter

190D. Asian and Latino Immigration Since 1875. *
Examines Asian and Latino immigration into the United States since 1875. Students explore the relationship between U.S. foreign policies and immigration policies, transnational ties and homeland connections, and the cultural and political influences they have on American society. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Delgado

190E. Topics in Chicana/o History. *
A seminar on the history of Chicanos/Mexicans in the United States, 1848 to the present. Topics include Chicana/o labor, family, social, urban, cultural, and political history. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

190F. Research Seminar in the Americas. F
Students learn how to conduct research and write history. Primary and secondary sources are extensively read. Research sources include a rich array of government documents, newspapers, memories and diaries, visual material and film. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors Enrollment limited to 20. L. Haas

190G. History and Theory. *
Each year students study one or more theorists or schools of philosophy and history. Themes vary by year and include: Walter Benjamin, Hayden White, Agnes Heller, the Frankfurt School, and the Subaltern School. Prerequisite(s): two upper-division history courses and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. L. Haas

190H. History of Time. *
Writing-intensive seminar on the experience, manipulation, and representation of time in history. Students pursue advanced research using primary and secondary sources. Prerequisite(s): two upper-division history courses and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. O'Hara

190I. California and the Borderlands. *
Complete original research in California and borderlands history in this senior research seminar. Focus on selected problems and themes. Assignments and discussions help students frame their research and edit their writing. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. L. Haas

190J. Diaspora and Migration in World History. *
Diaspora studies recently have included a range of movements and people in colonial, post-colonial, and national dilemmas. Diaspora studies share historical themes with migration studies, and include the study of forced exile and situations of genocide and femicide experienced by indigenous and national minorities. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. L. Haas

190K. Wired Planet: Readings on the Global History of Broadcasting and Telecommunications. *
Locates common themes in the history of broadcasting and telecommunications throughout the world. Why do certain strategies for developing broadcasting and telecommunications systems succeed or fail? Why do some nations outstrip other nations of comparable development in the growth of their communications systems? Why do national or regional communication systems suddenly become more or less open—or more or less centralized? Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Lasar

190L. Personal Politics in the New South. *
Examines the tensions between movements for political reform and reaction in the southern United States between Reconstruction and the second world war. Students develop a research paper grounded in primary research that addresses these questions. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Jones

190M. History of Children and Culture of Childhood in the 19th Century. *
Explores the lives of children and the functions of the literary figure of the child in the cultural politics of the 19th century in the United States. Examines the historically contingent nature of childhood through historical, literary, and visual sources. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Jones

190N. Topics in African History. *
Examines contemporary crises in Africa: the new South Africa, refugees, HIV/AIDS, children of war, blood or conflict diamonds, civil war, and genocide in Rwanda. Seminar format where students will be prepared to undertake studies on specific subjects and two rounds of 15–20 page papers. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. D. Anthony

190O. African American Historiography. S
Major themes in contemporary African American historiography on a topical basis. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. D. Anthony

190P. Early American Society and Culture. *
Explores subjects and themes in the political, social, and cultural history of early U.S. history from the colonial period through 1850. Includes critical reading of current scholarship and research in primary texts. The focus of this course is the production of a 25-page research paper. Recommended for senior history majors. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Westerkamp

190Q. The Novel and History. *
Explores novels and novelists in relation to the writing of historical scholarship. Breaking down the simplistic genre division between fiction and nonfiction, provides opportunities for students to read novels as historical evidence, novels as editorial commentary, and novels as analytical narrative. Students produce a series of papers that culminate in a 25-page research project. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, and two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Westerkamp

190R. Research in the History of American Religions. W
Readings and research in the history of religions in the United States. Readings focus on topics including the rise of evangelicalism; gender and religion; class, race, and religious diversity; and modernity. Students produce papers that culminate in a 25-page research project. Prerequisite(s): Satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Westerkamp

190S. Women and Social Movements in the U.S. S
Examines history of women and social movements in the U.S., such as abolitionism, anti-lynching, Chinese and Jewish garment workers, Chicana farm labor activism, the American Indian Movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Civil Rights movement. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. D. Frank

190T. Latin America in the Cold War. *
Writing-intensive seminar on Latin America during the Cold War. Particular attention given to U.S.-Latin American relations, including moments of covert or direct interventions. Students pursue advanced research using primary and secondary sources. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. O'Hara

190U. Power, Culture, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. S
In this research seminar, students explore F.B.I. files obtained under the Freedom of Information Act on a prominent citizen of the United States of America. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Lasar

190W. Topics in U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction. *
Students read historiographically significant works in the history of the U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction. Students develop research projects grounded in primary source material on a related topic of their choosing. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Jones

190X. History of the Atlantic World, 1492-1824. *
Explores the transatlantic societies created by Europeans' colonization of the Americas, and their exploitation of African slaves. Questions whether the cultural, economic, and political links across the ocean integrated the adjacent lands into a fundamentally "Atlantic World." Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. G. O'Malley

190Y. The Atlantic Slave Trade. *
Before 1800, far more Africans than Europeans colonized the Americas, arriving unwillingly in the slave trade. Course examines the captives' experiences; the trade's organization and significance in the Atlantic economy; and the eventual movement to abolish the traffic. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. G. O'Malley

190Z. The Long Civil Rights Movement. *
Explores the concept of the "long civil rights movement" as a framework for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and political developments in the African American freedom struggle, in both North and South, from the 1930s through the 1980s. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. D. Brundage

192. Directed Student Teaching.
Teaching of a lower-division seminar under faculty supervision. (See course 42.) Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. The Staff

193. Field Study.
To allow promising, well-qualified undergraduates to pursue directed programs of archival or archaeological study in the field under supervision of the UCSC history faculty, concentrating their work within a single given quarter. Students may take two or three courses concurrently. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

194. Advanced Research and Reading Seminars.
An opportunity for advanced students to focus on specific research problems resulting in a substantial research paper of 25 pages, or discussion of assigned readings resulting in a series of short papers totaling 25 pages. Courses must be taken in area of concentration in order to count toward the major. The Staff

194A. Gender, Class, and Sex in Shanghai. *
Focusing on Shanghai, course examines issues of gender, class, and sex in modern urban Chinese history. Given Shanghai's history as a treaty port, particular attention paid to ways in which its semi-colonial status inflected the articulation of gender identities, class formations and issues of sexuality (particularly sexual labor). Also looks at Shanghai during the Maoist period and in the context of more contemporary economic reforms. (Also offered as Feminist Studies 194N. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; and course 140C, or 140D, or 140E, or permission of instructor. Restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. E. Honig

194B. Okinawan History. *
Examines the history of Okinawa with particular attention paid to the modern era. The goal is to give students a solid foundation in the historiography of major themes in the study of Okinawan society. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20. A. Christy

194E. Women in Japanese History. *
Examines through both primary and secondary sources such issues as work, sexuality, education, class, and ethnicity in relation to constructions of female gender in Japanese society over the past several centuries, particularly focusing on the modern era. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. N. Aso

194F. Jewish Shanghai. *
Explores the migration of the more than 10,000 Jewish refugees who fled Europe during World War II and settled in Shanghai. Examines the different Jewish populations that fled to Shanghai, the "Shanghai ghetto," and the recovery of this piece of history from the 1980s through the present. Prerequisite(s): Satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. E. Honig

194G. China Since the Cultural Revolution: Histories of the Present. *
Explores the rapid and often destabilizing shifts that have taken place in China since the late 1970s (the "reform era"), tracing the effects of China's earlier experiment with revolutionary socialism on the market-driven present. Examines how various meanings of reform are negotiated; changes in rural and urban environments; and class, gender, and ethnic differences. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Hershatter

194H. Gender, Family, and State in China: 1600-Present. *
Explores gender, family, and state power in China from 1600 to present, examining gendered norms, education, political movements, revolutionary practice, sexuality and sex work, and state interventions in contemporary families. Responses to reading and a research paper required. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Hershatter

194I. U.S. Bases and Social Movements in Asia. *
Focuses on the complicated and often tumultuous relationships between the United States military and Pacific communities. Investigates the histories of the people who protested against military bases in Japan, Okinawa, the Philippines, South Korea, Guam, etc. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Wright

194J. The Poor and the Everday in Modern China. *
Focuses on non-elite people in modern Chinese history. Drawing on historical studies and contemporary accounts, this course looks at how colonialism, war, and revolutionary movements shaped everyday lives. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors and minors and East Asian studies minors. Enrollment limited to 20. E. Honig

194K. Jewish Radical Movements. *
Examines Jewish radical politics across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Radical politics afforded Jews greater agency in contexts that otherwise excluded them; religious, nationalist, and internationalist obligations presented tensions. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior Jewish studies and history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. A. Heckman

194L. Exile, Diaspora, and Displacement: Jewish Lives from North Africa to the Middle East. *
From Medieval Spain, Ottoman Salonica, 20th-century Baghdad, present day Casablanca, and beyond, this course examines Jewish experiences of exile, diaspora, and displacement, as well as how to read memoir and biography as sources in their broader historical context. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors and Jewish studies majors and minors. Enrollment limited to 20. A. Heckman

194M. Literati, Samurai, and Yangban: Comparative History of State and Elite in East Asia, 1600-1900. F
Critically examines the formation of political elites in East Asia. Compares literati in Ming and Qing, China; samurai in Tokugawa, Japan; and yangban in Joeson, Korea. Each group occupied specific roles and functions in their state and society but differed in scale and character. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 294M. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, or two upper-division history courses, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors and East Asian studies minors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Hu

194N. Urbanites in the Global South, 18th Century to the Present. F
Urbanization is an important aspect of the making of the Global South. This course introduces the histories of urbanization from the 18th Century to the present. Students read the works of historians, anthropologists, geographers, and sociologists. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Shaikh

194O. South Asia in the Twentieth Century. *
Introduces students to key ideas and ideologues of the Indian nation and the practices of the late-colonial and post-colonial Indian State. In the process, students become familiar with themes like modernity, gender, state formation, space, nationalism, democracy, and development. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Shaikh

194P. Urban South Asia. *
Introduces important themes in urban studies in South Asia in the pre-modern and modern periods. These include political economic change; competing imaginations of city life; urban politics; land use; urban planning; and cultural life among others. This course begins with a brief survey of urbanism in pre-modern South Asia but focuses mostly on urbanities in the early modern and modern periods. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Shaikh

194Q. Making Space in the Colonial and Post-Colonial World. *
Explores the production and experience of new forms of space in the colonial and post-colonial world through historical, political, and anthropological case studies with an emphasis on the Middle East and Africa. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Derr

194R. Cairo: The City Victorious, 1750-2000. *
The modernization of a world city from 1750 to the present. Cairo's social and cultural history (literature, film, music) against the background of its changing political and economic contexts. Topics include: orientalism, nationalism, imperialism, minorities, women, migration, urbanism, popular culture, tourism. Prerequisite(s): Two upper-division history courses; and course 41 or 101A or 101B; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

194S. Special Topics in Ancient Egyptian History. *
Focuses on different topics in ancient Egyptian history. In addition to assigned readings, each student does additional research that culminates in a 20-page paper on a topic of the student's choice. General topics for the course vary from year to year. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior classical studies and history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. May be repeated for credit. E. Sullivan

194T. Worlds of Labor in Asia. *
Introduces students to important debates in labor studies in Asia. Studies the relationship between labor, capitalism, and imperialism. Also interrogates the relevance or irrelevance of Asia as a concept from the standpoint of labor. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 229. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Shaikh

194U. The Cold War and East Asia. *
Considers through primary and secondary sources the events and aftermath of the Cold War in East Asia in terms of state formation, domestic and foreign policy, and protest movements in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan with reference to Vietnam. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. N. Aso

194W. Social Movements in the Modern Middle East. S
This writing-intensive seminar explores the social movements sweeping the contemporary Middle East. Students pursue advanced research using primary and secondary sources. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Derr

194Y. Memories of WWII in the U.S. and Japan. W
Research seminar comparing U.S. and Japanese memories of World War II. Topics include war origins, total war, the atomic bomb, war responsibility, reparations, memorials, museums, and monuments. Primary work devoted to research in original texts and documents. Prerequisite(s): two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor; satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; course 80Y recommended. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. A. Yang

195A. Thesis Research.
Prerequisite(s): petition on file with sponsoring agency (students should have completed two upper-division courses, preferably in their area of concentration). The Staff

195B. Thesis Writing.
Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; petition on file with sponsoring agency (students should have completed two upper-division courses, preferably in their area of concentration). The Staff

196. Advanced Research and Reading Seminars.
An opportunity for advanced students to focus on specific research problems resulting in a substantial research paper of 25 pages, or discussion of assigned readings resulting in a series of short papers totaling 25 pages. Courses must be taken in area of concentration in order to count towards the major. The Staff

196A. Global 1930s. *
Explores the turbulent 1930s from a global perspective. Students consider the great events of the decade--the Great Depression, the consolidation of communism, and the rise of fascism--within the context of global connections and forces, including those fostered by imperialism and various forms of internationalism. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Matera

196C. Modern Italian Culture. *
Developments in Italian culture and society from the postwar to the present. Topics include north-south divisions, family and gender, cinema and modernity, urbanization, mafia, and terrorism. Prerequisite(s): course 164A or 164B or 183A or 183B, or permission of instructor and one upper-division history course; and satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing Requirement. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Polecritti

196D. City of Rome. *
Explores the long-term urban history or Rome from its founding through the modern tourist city. Emphasizes the cityscape and geographical centers of political power, culture, and religion, as well as the everyday life of neighborhoods. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, classical studies, and Italian studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Polecritti

196E. Modern Irish History. *
Aims to illuminate major themes and turning points of modern Irish history: the causes and consequences of the famine; the development of Irish nationalism; revolution, civil war, and partition; and the recent economic boom. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. B. Thompson

196F. European Environmental History. *
Examines interactions between human societies and the natural world in Europe. Topics include: impact of European imperialism; changing attitudes toward the natural world; the Industrial Revolution in ecological perspective; the beginnings of preservationist and conservationist movements; the evolution of 20th-century environmentalism; and the historical context of contemporary environmental problems. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196G. Topics in Modern Germany and Europe. S
A senior reading and research seminar that explores the selected historiographic debates in German history during the 19th and 20th centuries. (Formerly Modern Germany and Europe.) Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, German studies, and Jewish studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196H. Sex and the City--The History of Sexuality in Urban Areas Around the Globe. *
Focuses on the history of sexuality in major urban areas globally. Topics include: sexual identities and race, class, and gender; sex work, policing, and urban spaces; gay, lesbian, and transgender communities; race, gender, and sexuality within the context of colonialism. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or by permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Matera

196I. The French Revolution. *
Students conduct original research on the French Revolution of 1789 based on mix of primary and secondary courses. Classroom discussions focus on interpreting contemporary documents and addressing historiographical issues. Seminar format with significant written requirements. Presumes familiarity with the period. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; course 70B and one upper-division history course; or course 170A or 171; or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196J. History of Drugs in the Early Modern World. *
What were drugs in the early modern world? Who grew and consumed them? How were they used? Students study how the emergence of the global drug trade shaped the Scientific Revolution, Atlantic slavery, colonialism, and modernity itself. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. B. Breen

196K. Studies in European Intellectual History. *
Topics in European intellectual history from the French Revolution to World War I. Readings exemplifying approaches from history of ideas and intellectual biography to recent studies of rhetoric and political culture. Preparation and presentation of research paper. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196L. French Intellectuals and Politics from Voltaire to Sartre. *
Studies the emergence of the secular intellectual as a force in French cultural life. Topics considered include Voltaire and the Republic of Letters, Robespierre and the self-fashioning of the revolutionary intellectual, the Dreyfus Affair, the enigma of French fascism, and existentialism and the Cold War. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Beecher

196M. Shtetl: Eastern European Jewish Life. *
For several centuries, the shtetl functioned as the center of Jewish life in Eastern Europe. Alternately mythologized and pathologized, the shtetl continues to exist as an imaginary space that defines and distorts the historical image of Eastern European Jewish life. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 257. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, and two upper-division history courses. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history and Jewish studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. N. Deutsch

196N. Eastern European Jewish Social History. *
Study of 19th- and 20th-century Eastern European and Russian Jewish social history. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, German studies, and Jewish studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196O. Russian Revolution, 1917-1932. *
Study of the major political, social, and intellectual conflicts and transformations of the period. Topics include February and October revolutions, Civil War, NEP, rise of Stalinism, and collectivization. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196P. Hitler and Stalin. *
A discussion of 20th-century totalitarianism. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, German studies, and Jewish studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. P. Kenez

196Q. Europe and the World During the Cold War. *
Explores European history from the end of World War II through the fall of the Soviet Union. Examines how Europe evolved from a fragmented, polarized array of colonial rivals to a more economically and culturally integrated place. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Lasar

196R. Social World of Roman Palestine. *
Inquiry into the structures of Roman Palestine on the basis of parables from the synoptic Gospels, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Josephus, inscriptions, and archaeological discoveries. Physical, social, economic, and ideological conditions are researched in an ethnographic fashion. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, classical studies, and Jewish studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196S. Special Topics in Ancient History. W
Seminar focuses on different topics in ancient history. In addition to assigned readings, the student is expected to do additional research that culminates in a 20-page paper on a topic of the student's choice. General topics for the course will vary from year to year. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors and classical studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Hedrick

196T. Paris Peace Conference. *
The Paris Peace Conference remade Europe and the globe after World War I. By establishing the League of Nations and signing the Versailles Treaty, the Paris diplomats shaped the postwar era and created the conditions for World War II. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements. Two upper-division history courses or permission of instructor required. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Cioc

196U. Topics in Medieval History. *
Addresses contemporary and modern interpretations of the events relation to medieval history. Through critical discussion and debate, assesses the value and limitations of various historical sources, as well as developing skills in research, presentation-making, and writing. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, course 102A or 103, and one upper-division history course, or by permission. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

196V. The Soviet Experience. *
Uses memoirs, diaries, novels, films, oral interviews and histories, and scholarly works to explore everyday life in the Soviet Union, and the extent to which the Soviet Union represented a totalitarian society. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment is restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Peterson

196W. Brave New World? Scientific & Technological Visions of Utopia and Dystopia in Russia/Soviet Union. *
Focuses on the role of scientific and technological developments in creating the kinds of social, economic, and ecological change that inspired utopian thinking--as well as utopia's counterpart, dystopia--in Russia in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Peterson

196X. National Socialism and the Third Reich. *
A senior reading and research seminar that explores the major historiographic debates in German history during the Nazi period. Students conduct original research on the Third Reich using primary and secondary sources. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements and two upper-division history courses, or by instructor permission. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history, Jewish studies, and German studies majors. Enrollment limited to 20. The Staff

196Y. Saints and Holiness in Medieval Europe. S
Examines popular religious belief and practice, including conversion, the cult of the saints, relics, pilgrimage, miracles and visions. Emphasis on Medieval Europe, but some attention also paid to modern patterns of devotion. Prerequisite(s): two upper-division history courses; satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. C. Polecritti

196Z. Europe from the Margins: Outside Influences on Modern European Thought and Culture. *
Europe's engagement with the outside world, which ranged from cultural and intellectual borrowings to relations of domination and colonialism, shaped its modern history and culture. This course examines the cultural and intellectual history of modern Europe by focusing on the ways in which European thinkers and cultural producers drew upon or were influenced by non-European sources. Prerequisite(s): satisfaction of the Entry Level Writing and Composition requirements; two upper-division history courses, or permission of instructor. Enrollment restricted to junior and senior history majors. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Matera

198. Independent Field Study.
Student's supervision is conducted by a regularly appointed officer of instruction by means other than the usual supervision in person (e.g., by correspondence) or student is doing all or most of the course work off campus. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

199. Tutorial.
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

199F. Tutorial (2 credits).
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

Graduate Courses

200. Methods and Theories of History. F
An overview of theories, methods, and philosophies concerning the nature and production of history. Topics vary with instructor. Enrollment restricted to graduate history students and others by permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20. A. Heckman

201. Directed Research Colloquium. W
Having already prepared a bibliography and research prospectus in a graduate research seminar, students will undertake further research on their projects, write a 25–30 page research paper, and present their work to their fellow students. Prerequisite(s): history graduate research seminar. Enrollment restricted to graduate history students. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Brundage

202. Practicing World History. S
Because world history surfaces in curriculums at all educational levels, this seminar interrogates its value. Why do historians advocate world (and transnational) history? How do historians actually practice it? What are the pitfalls? Can global perspectives apply to localized subjects? Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Peterson

203. Global Decolonization. *
Focuses on the histories and theories of decolonization in the mid-to-late 20th century, particularly, interactions among anticolonial movements, how Cold War era antagonisms inflected the process of decolonization, and efforts to forge Afro-Asian unity and/or a nonalignment movement. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Matera

204A. History of Gender Research Seminar. *
Introduction to theories and methods employed in gendered historical research. Readings are drawn from a range of chronological, national, and thematic fields and explore the intersection of gender analysis with such historical problems as the body and sexuality, modernity, national identity, and production/consumption. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Westerkamp

204B. Approaches to Social and Cultural History. *
Graduate reading course focusing on both classic and contemporary approaches to social and cultural history. Readings induce: Bakhtin, Benjamin, Foucault, Auerbach, and Berlin, and a variety of more recent studies in social, cultural, and intellectual history. Course not limited to graduate students in History. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. The Staff

204C. Colonialism, Nationalism and Race Research Seminar. S
Research seminar introducing theories and methods of the comparative histories of race, ethnicity, colonialism, and nationalism. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. E. Porter

204E. Transnationalism, Borderlands, and History. *
Graduate seminar exploring the history of Canada-United States-Mexico borderlands. Approaches and arguments compare nation-state centered histories with narratives that construct the North American borderlands as places wrought from a multiplicity of overlapping indigenous, imperial, national, transnational, and global forces. Prerequisite(s): Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Brundage

205. Diaspora and World History. *
Examines the histories and historiography concerning diaspora. This area of study includes populations from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Students study the histories of diasporic populations, and the questions, theory, and methods that scholars use to approach the subject. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. L. Haas

206. Empire in World History. *
Introduces the study of empire (as opposed to nations, regions, or continents) as an approach to world history and to recent historiographical trends in the history of empires. Enrollment restricted to graduate students, Enrollment limited to 15. M. Matera

210A. Readings in U.S. History. F
Introduction to major themes and controversies in the interpretation of U.S. history. Readings cover both chronological eras and topical subjects, often in a comparative context: colonial and early national periods. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Westerkamp

210B. Readings in U.S. History. W
Introduction to major themes and controversies in the interpretation of U.S. history. Readings cover both chronological eras and topical subjects, often in a comparative context: 19th century. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Frank

211A. Research Seminar in Early American History. *
First quarter of a two-quarter introduction to research in early American history (1550-1820). Readings include both historiographically definitive texts as well as recent scholarship reflecting the field's developments. Students complete analyses of historical sources, brief critical essays, and a significant research project. Course A is not a prerequisite to course B. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. G. O'Malley, M. Westerkamp

211B. Research Seminar in Early American History. *
Second quarter of a two-quarter introduction to research in early American history (1550-1820). Readings include both historiographically definitive texts as well as recent scholarship reflecting the field's developments. Students complete analyses of historical sources, brief critical essays, and a significant research project. Course A is not a prerequisite to course B. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. G. O'Malley, M. Westerkamp

212A. Citizenship in U.S. History. S
A reading-intensive graduate seminar in United States history that examines citizenship and its exclusions, grounded in race, gender, sexuality, age, and disability. This seminar also explores how forms of belonging intersected with evolving understandings of nationalism and sovereignty. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. C. Jones

212B. Citizenship in United States History. *
A reading-intensive graduate seminar in United States history examining citizenship and its exclusions, grounded in race, gender, sexuality, age, and disability. The course also explores how forms of belonging intersected with evolving understandings of nationalism and sovereignty. Enrollment restricted to history graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. C. Jones

214. California History. *
Concerns the history and historiography of California from indigenous dominion to the present. Considers the distinctive ways in which California has led the nation and globe in economic, political, and social change, while remaining a multiethnic borderland. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. L. Haas

215A. Topics in American History: U.S. Labor and Working Class History. *
Addresses topics in history of working people, the labor movement broadly defined, and political-economic change in the U.S. Topics include race, ethnic and gender dynamics, and U.S. labor and working-class history in global context. Enrollment limited to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. D. Frank

215B. Visions of Progress. *
Explores the emergence of the welfare/regulatory state in the United States from the 1870s to World War I, examining different schools of historical thought about this period. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. The Staff

215C. U.S. Immigration and Ethnic History. *
Introduces key issues and debates in United States immigration and ethnic history. Topics include causes of immigration; constructions of race, gender and ethnicity; assimilation; transnationalism; and forces shaping immigration policy. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. D. Brundage

216. Readings in the History of American Religions. *
Research in the history of religions in the United States. Addresses topics, such as the rise of evangelicalism; class, race, and religious diversity; gender and power; modernity; and civil religion through analyses of visual and literary texts, iconography, ritual, theology, and praxis. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Westerkamp

217. Critical Conversations in Native American History. *
Overview of key historical texts focusing on the Native American experience, with particular focus on scholarship that seeks to decolonize Western methodologies and research practices. Readings explore such topics as decolonization, indigenous identity, sovereignty, repatriation efforts, gender and sexuality, and historical memory. The format consists of discussions of readings. Students give oral presentations on the readings, and write book reviews and a final historiographical paper. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. A. Lonetree

220. The Atlantic World, 1500-1800. *
Explores the economic, social, and cultural history of early America in terms of its Atlantic connections and intersection with the cultures of early modern Europe, Africa, and Latin America. Builds upon previous work in early America and early modern Europe, challenging students both to work comparatively and to break out of traditional geographic models. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Westerkamp

221. Empires and New Nations in the Americas. *
Compares the history of the colonial and 19th-century Americans through a world-history perspective. Focuses on the interrelated themes of indigenous histories, slavery and other forms of servitude, commodity production, and the meaning of equality and freedom in new nations. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. L. Haas

222. Global Sexualities--A Seminar in the Queering of Historiographies. *
Explores the history of sexuality covering diverse time periods, peoples, and regions. Examines methods and theories used in the study of sexuality. Readings draw from the Americas, Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Austro-Asia, as well as topics in queer and LGBTQ2 studies. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. G. Delgado

225. Spanish Colonialism. *
Reading-intensive graduate seminar with emphasis on theoretical and historiographical questions regarding the field of Spanish colonialism in the Americas. Students encouraged to engage in discussions of comparative colonialisms. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. M. Diaz

227. Gender and Colonialism. *
Explores the relationship between colonialism and gender. Examines the construction of gender categories (in conjunction with race) in the context of colonial conquest and rule; contested definitions of motherhood, domesticity, and citizenship; and regulation of sexuality. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. E. Honig

229. Worlds of Labor in Asia. S
Introduces students to important debates in labor studies in Asia. Studies the relationship between labor, capitalism, and imperialism. Also interrogates the relevance or irrelevance of Asia as a concept from the standpoint of labor. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 194T. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. J. Shaikh

230A. Readings in Late Imperial China. *
Survey of the major works on and historiographical controversies about Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) China. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Hu

230B. Engendering China. S
Reading seminar on the history of Chinese gender, focusing on the Qing dynasty (1644 to 1911) to the present. Topics include marriage and family, sexuality, work, the gendered language of politics, and major reform movements. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. E. Honig

230C. Readings in 20th-Century China. F
A survey of major Western-language works and historiographical controversies in Chinese history from 1900 to the present. Weekly readings emphasize particular social and political movements as well as long-term changes in urban and rural society. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Hershatter

231. Historicizing the People's Republic of China. *
An overview of the scholarly literature on the People's Republic of China. Readings include works by historians as well as by social scientists. Students consider what kinds of questions historians have and can ask. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. E. Honig

238A. Research Methods: China. *
An introduction for graduate students to the use of major research tools and sources in Chinese history since 1600, with a focus on 20th-century materials. Students complete a series of bibliographical exercises and prepare a research prospectus. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Hershatter

238B. Research Methods: China. *
Building on the research and bibliographic skills developed in course 228A, students develop a research topic and write a paper of 20-30 pages using primary sources as appropriate in English, Chinese, and/or Japanese. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. G. Hershatter

242. Readings in Modern Japan. *
A graduate course intended to give students a fundamental understanding of the major themes in the study of modern Japanese history. Central themes include modernity and modernization, colonialism, postwar recovery, gender, race, and nationalism. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. N. Aso

243. Transnational Japan. *
Examines how "Japanese" history has been forged across, outside, and beyond the boundaries of the modern nation-state of Japan. Considers how Japan has transformed the world. Students debate how the world made Japan and how Japan re-made the world. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 10. A. Christy

244. Gender and Japanese History. W
Examines—through primary and secondary sources—constructions of gender (masculine, feminine, and transgender) in Japanese society over the past several centuries, focusing on the modern era. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. N. Aso

251A. Readings in Modern European History: Environment and Technology.
Introduces major themes and problems in recent historiographical trends in environmental history and the history of technology. Examines the role of environment and technology in the making of "Europe" and European societies' engagement with the world. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Peterson

251B. Readings in Modern European History: Empire. S
The history of empire has emerged as one of the most influential and fastest growing areas of inquiry within the field of modern European history. This course introduces students to recent debates and trends in imperial, colonial, and postcolonial history. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Matera

252. Republicanism and Its Discontents: Universal Projects and Particular Discriminations. F
Focuses on the histories and theories of republicanism and liberalism by investigating the tension between universal ideologies and discriminatory practices. Focuses on France and the United States, but Algeria, Syria, and Turkey will also be covered. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Davis

255. Religion and Modernity. W
Examines the significance of religion and secularism in the modern period. How did modernity and the concept of the secular transform various religions and how, in turn, did these religions help to create modernity. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. N. Deutsch

256. Nationalism, Anti-Semitism, and Jewish Resistance in World War II. *
Jewish resistance to Nazism during World War II, in Eastern Europe, and its historical context. Includes the pre-war rise in nationalism and anti-Semitism in Poland and Lithuania, Jewish integration in the Soviet Union, and the consequences for wartime resistance. (Also offered as History of Consciousness 243A. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to seniors and graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. B. Epstein

257. Shtetl: Eastern European Jewish Life. *
For several centuries, the shtetl functioned as the center of Jewish life in Eastern Europe. Alternately mythologized and pathologized, the shtetl continues to exist as an imaginary space that defines and distorts the historical image of Eastern European Jewish life. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 196M. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. N. Deutsch

260. History and the Spatial Turn: Making Space, Place, and Geography in History. *
Explores the making of space, place, and geography in a body of recent historical work. Explores key theoretical work interrogating the significance of space as a critical element of social theory and historical consideration. Proceeds through three thematic units: questions of colonial economy in South Asia; spaces of empires and its end in the Eastern Mediterranean; and histories of infrastructure. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. J. Derr

261. The Contours of the New Middle East History. *
Explores the history and historiography of the modern Middle East through recent historical scholarship. Examines the new theoretical approaches that frame inquiries into the region's history and how contemporary historians are reinterpreting familiar questions and themes. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. J. Derr

265. History of the Body. *
A multidisciplinary history of the body from late antiquity to the present. Topics include: medical and religious constructions; the raced, gendered, and sexualized body; adornment and performance markers; power and control through the body; body parts; and the body's permeability. Enrollment is restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 15. M. Westerkamp

280A. History Graduate Proseminar: Teaching Pedagogy (2 credits). F
Devoted to professionalism and socialization of history graduate students. Includes formal and informal meetings with faculty and other graduate students. Topics include TAships, designing course syllabi, pedagogy, teaching technologies, and teaching in different venues. This course is required for first-year students; however, it is open to all other graduate students as needed. Enrollment restricted to graduate students . May be repeated for credit. The Staff

280B. History Graduate Proseminar: Research Presentations and Grant Writing (2 credits). F
Devoted to professionalism and socialization of history graduate students. Topics include discussion of researching grants; effective CV writing; successful grant applications and publication proposals; and conference paper and panel proposals. Required for first-year graduate students; however, open to all history graduate students as needed. This course is required for first-year students; however, it is open to all other graduate students as needed. Enrollment restricted to graduate students . May be repeated for credit. G. Delgado

280C. History Graduate Proseminar: Job Market (2 credits). F
Devoted to professionalism and socialization of history graduate students. Includes formal and informal meetings with faculty and other graduate students. Topics include researching position; preparing a CV and the job-application letter; preparing for an interview; practice interview; preparing a job talk and/or teaching presentation; and practice job talk. This course is required for first-year students; however, it is open to all other graduate students as needed. Enrollment restricted to graduate students . May be repeated for credit. G. Delgado

283. Foreign Language Preparation (2 credits). F,W,S
Independent study course in which history graduate student reads selected texts to fulfill foreign language requirement. Student meets with instructor to discuss readings, deepening his knowledge of the foreign language. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

284. Qualifying Examination Preparation (2 credits). F,W,S
Independent study course designed to help students prepare for qualifying exams. Students meet on regular basis with one or more members of qualifying examination committee to monitor preparation for exam. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

285. Readings in Research Field (2 credits). F,W,S
Independent study focusing on selected texts or authors in history or historical theory. Students meet on regular basis with instructor to discuss readings and deepen their knowledge of a particular author or historical theory. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

286. Research Colloquium on Colonialism, Nationalism, and Race (2 credits). F,W,S
Acquaints students with the department's thematic research clusters in their field to coordinate training in historical research. Students meet on a regular basis with a faculty member of a particular cluster to discuss most important readings in the field. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

287. Research Colloquium on Gender (2 credits). F,W,S
Acquaints students with the department's thematic research clusters in their field to coordinate training in historical research. Students meet on a regular basis with a faculty member of this cluster to discuss most important readings in their field. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

288. Teaching Assistant Preparation (2 credits). F,W,S
Independent study designed to help history graduate students prepare to teach in an area of history outside their specialization. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

289. History Colloquium (2 credits). F,W,S
Independent study designed to foster departmental and cross-disciplinary participation in campus talks, colloquia, conferences, and events. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

294M. Literati, Samurai, and Yangban: A Comparative History of State. *
Critically examines the formation of political elites in East Asia. Compares literati in Ming and Qing China; samurai in Tokugawa, Japan; and yangban in Joeson, Korea. Each group occupied specific roles and functions in their state and society but differed in scale and character. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 194M. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. Enrollment limited to 20. M. Hu

297. Independent Study.
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

299. Thesis Research.
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. May be repeated for credit. The Staff

* Not offered in 2017-18

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Revised: 09/01/17